The rise of autoimmune hair loss: Causes and treatments

Imagine waking up one morning, looking in the mirror, and noticing patches of hair missing or finding tufts of hair on your pillow. These alarming signs are often linked to autoimmune issues, specifically a condition called alopecia areata. This type of hair loss can be especially distressing and significantly impact emotional well-being. As we observe International Alopecia Day, it is vital to raise awareness about the growing concern of autoimmune hair loss.

What is autoimmune hair loss?

Autoimmune hair loss, commonly referred to as alopecia areata, is a condition in which the immune system mistakenly attacks the hair follicles, resulting in hair loss. This results in sudden, patchy hair loss that can occur on the scalp or other areas of the body. In some severe cases, individuals may experience total hair loss, known as alopecia totalis, or even complete loss of body hair, categorised as alopecia universalis, as per the National Alopecia Areata Foundation. The unpredictability of this condition can lead to feelings of anxiety and diminish self-esteem, making it crucial for those affected to seek appropriate support.

Symptoms of alopecia areata

Symptoms of alopecia areata can vary from person to person, as per the National Institute of arthritis & musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, but often include:

• Sudden hair loss: Typically in small, round patches.
• Sensitive scalp: The scalp might feel tender or show inflammation.
• Nail changes: Dents, ridges, or changes in nail texture may occur.
• Eyebrow and eyelash loss: Alopecia can also affect the hair on the face.

“Understanding these symptoms can empower individuals to act quickly if they suspect they are experiencing this condition”, says cosmetic surgeon Dr Viral Desai.

Why is autoimmune hair loss on the rise?

Research by the National Alopecia Areata Foundation into the increasing incidence of autoimmune hair loss is ongoing. However, several factors are thought to contribute to this rising trend:

1. Genetics

“Individuals with a family history of autoimmune disorders are at a higher risk. A genetic predisposition can trigger the onset of alopecia areata in subsequent generations,” shares plastic surgeon Dr Desai.

2. Environmental triggers

• Stress: High stress levels have been linked to various autoimmune conditions, including alopecia.
• Pollution: Exposure to environmental pollutants may trigger hair loss in individuals who are genetically predisposed to it.
• Medications and chemicals: Certain drugs and chemical exposures can disrupt normal immune function.

3. Compromised immune system

A weakened immune system can escalate the risk of autoimmune disorders.

Factors contributing to this include:

• Poor diet, particularly the consumption of processed foods.
• Inadequate sleep and irregular sleep patterns.
•  A sedentary lifestyle lacking adequate physical activity can negatively impact overall immune health.

“Understanding these risk factors underscores the importance of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and practising effective stress management in potentially mitigating the onset of alopecia”, explains hair transplant surgeon Dr Desai.

How do you treat autoimmune disease hair loss?

If you’re experiencing hair loss, the first step is not to panic! Consulting a medical expert is crucial for identifying the underlying condition and discussing potential treatments, as noted in the Journal of Clinical Medicine. Meanwhile, Dr Viral Desai shares some accessible tips to promote overall hair health:

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1. Eat a balanced diet

Focus on nourishing your body with whole, unprocessed foods.

Incorporate:

• Green leafy vegetables: Rich in vitamins A and C.
• Fruits: High in antioxidants, which promote healthy skin.
• Nuts and seeds: Sources of healthy fats and protein.

2. Manage stress

Engage in activities that promote relaxation and mental clarity, such as:

• Exercise: Regular physical activity can improve mood and overall health.
• Meditation: Mindfulness practices can reduce stress levels.
• Good sleep hygiene: Establishing regular sleep patterns is key for rejuvenating both body and mind.

3. Be gentle with your hair

Treat your hair with care by:

• Use gentle hair care products free from harsh chemicals.
• Avoiding excessive styling, especially heat treatments.
• Limiting the use of hair dyes and chemical treatments that can harm hair health.

4. Consider blood tests

Consulting a healthcare professional for blood tests can help pinpoint any hormonal imbalances or underlying autoimmune conditions that may contribute to hair loss.

How to treat hair loss due to autoimmune disease?

It is vital to approach treatment plans for alopecia areata on an individual basis, as recommended by the American Academy of Dermatology.

Some potential options include:

• Topical treatments: Corticosteroids applied directly to the scalp can help suppress the immune response.
• Injections: Corticosteroid injections into affected areas can stimulate hair regrowth.
• Alternative therapies, such as light therapy or other holistic approaches, may be beneficial for some patients.

Discussing these options with a specialist can empower individuals to take control of their condition and explore what works best for them, according to a journal article by Springer.